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The Queen of Spades (opera)
''The Queen of Spades'', Op. 68 ((ロシア語:Пиковая дама), ''Pikovaya dama'', (フランス語:Pique Dame))〔The ''Pique Dame'' title, while derived from French, had its origin in German-speaking countries and is now also used in English. It is popularly assumed to be the French title. However, the actual French title is ''Dame de Pique''. See Latham (2004) p. 133.〕 is an opera in 3 acts (7 scenes) by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to a Russian libretto by the composer's brother Modest Tchaikovsky, based on a short story of the same name by Alexander Pushkin, but the plot was dramatically altered. The premiere took place in 1890 in St. Petersburg (at the Mariinsky Theatre), Russia.〔Poznansky, pg. 138〕
==Composition history==
The management of the Imperial Theatre offered a commission to Tchaikovsky to write an opera based on the plot sketch by Ivan Vsevolozhsky in 1887/88. After turning it down initially, Tchaikovsky accepted it in 1889. Toward the end of that year, he met with the theatre's managers to discuss the material and sketch out some of the scenes.
He completed the full score of the opera in Florence in only 44 days.〔 Later on, working with the tenor who was to perform the lead character's part, he created two versions of Herman’s aria in the seventh scene, using two different keys. The changes can be found in the proof sheets and inserts for the first and second editions of the printed version of the score.
While composing the music, Tchaikovsky actively edited the libretto, changing some of the text and adding his own lyrics to two arias.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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